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Biographical Sketch 



Joseph M. Toner, M,D, 



OF WASHINGTON 



THOMAS ANTISELL, M. D 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



3 



V 



RFJPRINT FROM THE MEMORIAL VOLUME OF THE ROCKY 
MOUNTAIN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 



LANCASTER, PA.: 
PRESS OF INQUIRER P. & P. CO. 
* 1878. 



Qj 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 

OF 

JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 



TONER, JOSEPH MEREDITH, M. D., of Wash- 
ington, D. C, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 30, 
1825. He is the elder of two sons, the only surviv- 
ing children of Meredith and Ann (Layton) Toner. 
Both his parents were natives of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania. His father grew up in Lancaster County, and 
was raised to agriculture. His mother, Ann, daugh- 
ter of James Layton, was born in Fayette county, 
near the present site of Layton Station, on the Con- 
nellsville Railroad. 

The subject of this sketch received his early educa- 
tion at the common schools of the city of Pittsburgh, 
and of Westmoreland county, his childhood being 
passed partly in each of these localities. Subse- 
quently he attended the Western Pennsylvania Uni- 
versity for a year, and was then sent to Mount St. 
Mary's College, where he continued his studies for 
two years longer, but left without having completed 
a classical course. After this he engaged in mercan- 
tile pursuits for a short time, but as his mind devel- 
oped he was gradually led to a recognition of a pref- 
erence for the medical profession. 

(3) 



4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

In the autumn of 1847 ne began the study of med- 
icine with Dr. John Lowman, the leading physician 
of Johnstown, Pa. The office of his preceptor offered 
exceptionally good opportunities for a certain class of 
clinical instruction. It was usual in those days for 
the senior student to compound his preceptor's pre- 
scriptions to assist in surgical operations, and occasion- 
ally to visit with him the sick-room. 

Dr. Toner attended his first course of lectures at the 
Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in the winter 
of 1849-50. At the close of this term, he entered 
(March 1, 1850,) the Vermont Medical College at 
Woodstock, and received the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine from this institution in June, 1850. In July 
of this year he began to practice at Summitville, a vil- 
lage of about three hundred and fifty or four hundred 
inhabitants, situated at the summit of the Alleghany 
mountains, on the Portage Railroad, in Cambria 
county, Pa. 

The physician who had practiced in this place for 
many years (Dr. Christy) had died in the previous 
month. A circuit of about ten miles was thus left 
without a medical man, which Dr. Toner was solicited 
and advised to occupy. The building of the Penn- 
sylvania Central Railroad through the Alleghany 
mountains began about this time, giving an impetus 
to business and causing a temporary increase of pop- 
ulation of the village and its vicinity. The Doctor 
soon found his time fully occupied in general practice. 
As might be expected on heavy railroad work, such 
as that on this mountain, many accidents occurred, 
requiring prompt surgical interference, much of which 



J. M. TONEK, M. D. 5 

fell to his care. This led him for the time to give 
a preference to surgery, and induced him to spend 
another winter in Philadelphia, to further perfect him- 
self in that branch. Alter attending this, a third 
course of lectures, he received the degree of M. D., 
from Jefferson Medical College, in the spring of 1853. 
In the fall of the same year he removed to the city of 
Pittsburgh, and was in practice there during the chol- 
era epidemic of 1854. 

Although his prospect of acquiring a fair practice 
was encouraging, he determined to go South, and 
after spending a few months with his mother on the 
homestead farm in Westmoreland county, at the ear- 
nest invitation of a college friend, the Hon. William 
Walsh, now of Cumberland, Md., he removed in 
1855 to Harper's Ferry, Va. At this place in a 
short time he was busily engaged in practice. While 
located there during the autumn of this year, the 
yellow fever prevailed at Norfolk, Va., and Dr. Toner 
tendered his services to that afflicted city, but suffi- 
cient medical aid had previously been secured. But 
a residence of six months at Harper's Ferry convinced 
him that the place was too small for any considerable 
professional advancement. He accordingly took up 
his present residence in Washington on the 7th of 
November, 1855. 

An earnest student himself, Dr. Toner earlv be- 
came sensible of the embarrassment to the acquisition 
of knowledge, caused by a want of books. He there- 
fore began the collection of a medical library, which 
has grown to be one of the largest and most valuable 
private collections in the country, and certainly south 



6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

of Philadelphia. He has succeeded in bringing together 
much of the literature on cholera, yellow fever, and 
the other epidemics which have visited our country. 
The local histories of cities, towns, counties, and of 
the states, as they contain much medical biography, 
accounts of local epidemics and topographical infor- 
mation, are for this reason included in his library. 
His collection of American medical journals is the 
most complete in the country, if we except that of 
the library of the Surgeon-General, and that of Dr. 
Purple, of New York. 

He conceived the idea of forming a subject index 
of the contents of all the American medical journals, 
and has completed the task up to 1870, covering sixty- 
five complete files, thus greatly increasing their value 
for reference. This index includes everything of im- 
portance contained in them, whether original or 
selected matter, and thus differs from a somewhat 
similar work which is being carried on by Dr. Billings 
of the Surgeon-General's Office. Dr. Toner's work 
is an index, properly so-called, which will be of 
special value to all possessors of files of the leading 
American medical periodicals, while the work of Dr. 
Billings is rather a catalogue of all original papers 
alone in medical journals of all languages. 

Dr. Toner has been an active collector of the con- 
tributions of American medical authors, particularly 
those of early date. He has also paid attention to 
the collection of reports and Transactions of State and 
local medical societies, the publications of various 
boards of health, and other matters pertaining in any 
wise to medical and sanitary science. His library 



J. M. TONER, M. D. 7 

has always been at the service of the profession of 
Washington. In 1865, on the appearance of cholera 
in the United States, the Doctor published a list of 
the works in his collection treating upon this disease, 
and tendering their use to the profession. He had 
numerous applications from a distance; the books 
were sent by mail or by express as requested. They 
were all returned without loss or injury. It may be 
added that the Doctor has shown not only judgment 
in collecting, but also ability in using his books, as is 
shown by his several publications. 

When engaged on special studies, Dr. Toner may 
be found at his desk at almost any hour of the day or 
night, with literally stacks of books around him. He 
has almost daily applications for information by med- 
ical gentlemen residing in different parts of the coun- 
try, who are engaged in special studies. The very 
general recognition of his ability and readiness to help 
others has imposed upon him much labor and a very 
large correspondence. 

The Doctor is fond of statistics, and has skill to 
analyze what would be to many persons incongruous 
data, and to classify and bring together related facts 
and reduce them into comprehensive tables or dia- 
grams. His extensive range of reading and familiar- 
ity with medical literature and the wants of the pro- 
fession are constantly leading him into new lines of 
inquiry, which he pursues with earnestness and suc- 
cess. 

Shortly after coming to Washington, Dr. Toner be- 
came connected with the Medical Society, and also 
with the Medical Association of the District of 



b BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

Columbia, and has been an active co-laborer in them, 
and has been honored by them with their highest 
offices. On retiring from the Presidency of the Med- 
ical Society, in 1870, in accordance with the usage of 
that body, he read an address, in which he discussed 
the vital statistics of the United States from the foun- 
dation of the government to 1870. A synopsis of 
the part of this paper which related to population was 
published with plates and diagrams by the Bureau of 
Education, in 1872. 

The Medical Society of the District of Columbia 
was chartered by Congress in 18 17, but anterior to 
1862 it exhibited but little enterprise, rarely meeting 
oftener than once or twice a year, to elect officers and 
and to preserve its chartered existence. About this 
time a few active spirits, among whom was the sub- 
ject of this sketch, conceived the idea of arousing it 
into a recognition of the fact that it was a literary as 
well as a licensing body. The attempt was success- 
ful ; the society awoke to active exertions, and has 
continued to hold weekly meetings, where pathological 
specimens are exhibited and described, and papers on 
medical subjects are read and discussed. 

Since 1864 the Doctor has been a member of and 
a constant attendant at the meetings of the American 
Medical Association. He has served on various im- 
portant committees, read papers at its meetings, and 
has interested himself in the current proceedings 
and deliberations of the body. He was elected Pres- 
ident in 1873, and in the following June, at Detroit, 
he delivered a well-considered and suggestive address, 
which elicited commendatory notices from the medi- 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 9 

cal press of the country. Few professional men are 
more thoroughly familiar with the interests and 
objects of the association and are more zealous to 
promote its efficiency for good than Dr. Toner. 

Aware of the perishable character of much of our 
early original medical literature which has been issued 
only in pamphlets and journals, and feeling the neces- 
sity of an extensive and convenient national medical 
repository which should be under the management of 
and available to the profession at large, he devised the 
scheme for a repository of medical works that should be 
under the control of the profession of the United States, 
and be located at the national capital. As initiative 
of the project, he in 1868 prepared a resolution to 
consider the matter, which was adopted by the As- 
sociation. A committee was appointed to report at 
the next meeting "on the practicability of the estab- 
lishment of a library of American medical works, in- 
cluding books, monographs, periodicals," etc., by the 
American Medical Association. The Doctor was made 
chairman of the committee, and in 1869, his report 
was read at New Orleans, in which he strongly recom- 
mended the measure. The report also set forth the 
means by which such a collection might be formed 
and augmented. It was accepted by the Association, 
and the formation of a " national medical library" was 
commenced. This collection of works is now depos- 
ited in a room at the Smithsonian Institution, and has 
reached the number of about two thousand volumes, 
including pamphlets. Since that time, the " Library 
of the Surgeon-General," as it is usually termed, has 
been created. This collection is properly a branch of 



10 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

the Library of Congress, though at present under the 
care of the Surgeon-General of the army. Through 
the energy and ability of Surgeon J. S. Billings, it has 
been brought to extraordinary completeness, and 
being opened to the profession of the country has, to 
some extent, superseded the necessity of immediate or 
special exertions in founding the medical repository of 
the American Medical Association, the one to some de- 
gree appearing to duplicate the purposes of the other. 
But a perusal of the report referred to and the accom- 
panying documents will not fail to impress the idea 
that the formation of a great American library is here 
foreshadowed, and that the National Medical Library, 
under the care of the Surgeon-General, and the pride 
of the profession of the United States, has resulted 
from the action of the American Medical Association. 
As evidencing the consideration the subject of this 
sketch has given to the efficient working of the 
American Medical Association, we will allude to his 
action in 1 865, in proposing an amendment to the 
plan of organization, which secured an increased 
annual assessment on each member, This furnishes 
a fund that enables the society to pay all its current 
expenses, including rent of a meeting hall and the 
publication of its Transactions. Harassing appeals 
for additional contributions and dependence upon 
eleemosynary aid from members and from the profes- 
sion at the localities visited, were thus dispensed with, 
thereby elevating the society at once to the plane of 
an independent and self-sustaining body, and making 
it a welcome visitor to every city. His counsel for 
good in the affairs of the association is not confined to 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. II 

this measure alone, but may be seen in nearly every vol- 
ume of the society's Transactions, and his judgment 
is appreciated by all the leading members and friends 
of progressive medicine throughout the United States. 
Prompted by a desire to encourage students to 
aspire to a higher and more scientific education in the 
profession, and being impressed with the idea that 
much remained to be effected for the encouragement 
of special and original studies, perhaps through other 
means than those in vogue, Dr. Toner founded in 
1872, by endowment, the "Toner Lectures." "Be- 
lieving," writes the founder, "that the advancement of 
science (that is, a knowledge of the laws of nature, in 
any part of her domain), and specially such discoveries 
as contribute to the advancement of medicine, tend to 
ameliorate the condition of mankind," he therefore 
set aside a fund, the interest of which was mainly to 
be used in maintaining the "Toner Lectures," to be 
delivered annually in Washington, to consist of a 
series of discoveries, memoirs or lectures, which 
"should contain some new truth or discovery, based 
on original investigation," which were, if approved, to 
be published. This fund has been placed under the 
control of five trustees. Six lectures have already 
been delivered. They have all been accepted for pub- 
lication "as additions to knowledge," and printed by 
the Smithsonian Institution. This is the first attempt 
to endow a course of lectures based on the conditions 
of adding new facts for the advancement of medicine, 
and it is heartily to be desired, that it will continue to 
occupy the advance ground of medical progress and 
encourage original research. 



12 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

With the same philanthropic desire to induce stu- 
dents to work on original lines of investigation and 
by experiment, and to make discoveries, to promote 
laudable emulation among them, he has furnished for 
three years a gold medal which was competed for 
by the students of Jefferson Medical College. This 
medal to be awarded for the best thesis embodying 
the results of original investigation, experiment, or 
research in some branch of medical science. On 
the occasion of the presentation of the first one in 
March, 1875, the Doctor made a k\v pertinent re- 
marks, very tersely setting forth his views in regard 
to the value of experiment and research, and their 
necessity for scientific advancement, and his belief that 
the most brilliant successes in this direction are to be 
achieved by the young men of the profession. These 
remarks are published at length in the Philadelphia 
Medical and Surgical Reporter of that date. 

He has also for some years past, placed at the dis- 
posal of the Faculty of the University of Georgetown, 
D. C, a medal, to be awarded at the annual com- 
mencement, to the student showing the greatest pro- 
ficiency in the natural and physical sciences. 

When the increasing density of population in our 
cities began seriously to threaten the stability of 
the public health and sanitary science and their in- 
fluence in preventing diseases began to be discussed, 
Dr. Toner's attention was at once drawn to the study 
of preventive medicine. He soon gave several essays 
and monographs to the public, including papers on 
malarious, endemic, or septicemic poisons. Beginning 
in 1865 with the consideration of compulsory vaccina- 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. I 3 

tion, he followed with papers on cholera, quarantine, 
yellow fever, and other contagious diseases. Later he 
published his " Dictionary of Elevations and Climatic 
Register," a convenient repository of facts of value to 
writers in studying the geographical distribution of 
disease, giving the elevation of many thousands of 
localities and their mean annual temperature, and of 
rain-fall, so that all observers might see theirinfluence, 
if any, on health and mortality. 

The American Public Health Association grew out 
of the necessity for a union of experienced sanitarians 
to enforce hygiene in large cities, and to indicate the 
proper and most effectual mode of bringing sanitary 
appliances and laws into operation. The election of 
Dr. Toner, in 1874, as President of that body, was a 
tribute paid to him as one of the oldest and earliest 
workers in that field. 

His paper, the "Statistics of Boards of Health of 
the United States," published in 1874, and his address 
as retiring President of the Association in 1875, upon 
the " Leading Public Health Questions, etc.," are valu- 
able contributions to the literature of preventive med- 
icine, and show how carefully and extensively he col- 
lects his facts, and how widely and aptly he applies 
the principles of the science of hygiene. 

The Doctor has perhaps been the most successful 
biographer, thus far, of the medical profession of 
the United States. There is no error in asserting 
that no physician in the country has made himself 
equally conversant with the early American medical 
literature, and the progress of medicine in our country 
since its first settlement, or has been so assiduous in 



14 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

the collection and preservation of reminiscences of 
l^the lives of our departed and illustrious Nestors. 
Brochures on medical history and biography have 
from time to time been published by him, and all have 
been well received by the profession and the public. 
Prominent among them are " Necrology of the Phy- 
sicians of the late War," "Annals of Medical Progress 
in the United States," " Medical Men of the Revolu- 
tion," and his "Address on Biography" before the Cen- 
tennial International Medical Congress in 1876, be- 
sides many other necrological monographs, which are 
but the outcroppings of a more important work in 
course of preparation, namely, "A Biographical Dic- 
tionary of Deceased American Physicians," for which 
over four thousand sketches are ready for the press. 

As an author he has been fortunate in his themes, 
choosing subjects which will have a lasting interest to 
the profession. He is noted for his love of definite 
facts and the extreme care he takes to verify refer- 
ences ; and while writing on any subject has piles of 
books about him far beyond the capacity of his desk 
and book-racks, often loading the chairs and littering 
the floor of his office. Dr. Toner has received from 
his friends the appellation of "the Fact Hunter," which 
tersely expresses a prominent mental characteristic. 
His taste for statistics and capacity for originality 
of method in demonstration are shown in various 
studies, and particularly in his diagrams to repre- 
sent the preponderance of sex in the population 
and the decline of the birth-rate by decades in the 
United States; in the map showing the localities vis- 
ited by yellow fever; and in the conception of a plan 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 1$ 

for a systematic geographical classification of the 
States, and the adaptation of a set of symbols to be 
used after the name of a locality which shall indicate 
its geographical position. The principle is applicable 
to a nation, a State, a county, or other political divi- 
sion, thus greatly simplifying the finding of a place on 
a map by giving a mental indication of a locality by 
an affix of a symbol to the name. This method has 
been adopted by the Post Office Department and in- 
corporated in their Directory to designate the locali- 
ties of the counties in each State in the Union. 

He is an authority in nearly all matters relating to 
the history of medicine, medical biography, and the 
local history of the District of Columbia. 

His address in 1866, before the Medical Society of 
the District of Columbia, contains a very full and ac- 
curate history of medical matters in that locality from 
the time it was chosen as the seat of the General Gov- 
ernment. Some time ago he furnished, from his col- 
lection of maps and rare records, data which enabled 
the compilation of the map which accompanies the 
work entitled, " Washington in Embryo," which shows 
the plots and boundary lines of the farms as they ex- 
isted when the city of Washington was laid out. 

The Doctor has always identified himself actively 
with the public charities of the city. After the burning 
of the Washington Infirmary in 1 861, it was at his 
instance that the Sisters of Charity founded what is 
now known as Providence Hospital. The " Nicholson 
House" was temporarily fitted up by them and opened 
as a hospital, which he attended for some years. He 
was also one of the originators of St. Ann's Infant 



/ 



1 6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

Asylum, which was first opened in a building on 
Pennsylvania Avenue, formerly " Maher's Hotel.", In 
i860 he succeeded Dr. John Dyer as medical attend- 
ant to St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, where he 
served for many years. From the foundation of St. 
Joseph's Male Orphan Asylum in 1856, he has been 
and still is the attending physician. He is also physi- 
cian to other educational and benevolent institutions 
in Washington. He has on several occasions been 
solicited to accept professorships in different medical 
colleges, but has always declined, preferring to enjoy 
the quiet current of professional life and duty. 

Some time ago, the Doctor tendered his valuable 
library to the profession of Pittsburgh, upon the con- 
dition that they provide for it a fire-proof building 
which should bear his name. Although appreciat- 
ing the offer, the medical men were unable to raise 
the means required. But the Western Pennsylvania 
University, located in Allegheny City, offered to com- 
ply with all the conditions. The Doctor, however, 
prefers the library to be under the sole charge of the 
medical profession. He next tendered it to the pro- 
fession of St. Louis, which has also failed to comply 
with the terms, and it is now under a similar proffer 
to the city of Chicago. 

Dr.. Toner has not married, but lives in his own 
house, in a comfortable, unostentatious manner, sur- 
rounded by his books, where he dispenses a quiet 
hospitality to his friends. The Austrian Universal 
Exposition, held in Vienna, awarded the Doctor a 
Medal of Merit with a Diploma, for contributions 
relating to medical matters in the United States. 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. D. 1 7 

He has at different times visited the more noted 
places in the United States and Canada for pleasure 
and relaxation, or in the pursuit of a more practical 
knowledge of the physical geography and climatic 
peculiarities of North America. In 187 1 his trip to 
the Pacific gave him a coveted opportunity to realize 
something of the vastness of the continent and to ob- 
serve the influence of altitude and climate on vegeta- 
tion and animal life along the line of the great trans- 
continental highway. After the adjournment of the 
American Medical Association he made hurried visits 
to a few of the more celebrated resorts and wonders 
in California, arid stopped one day at Salt Lake City 
en route home. 

Dr. Toner is still in the enjoyment of good health, 
and wields a vigorous pen, and we may confidently 
hope for new and valuable contributions from him. 
Sketches of his life have appeared in Allibone's Dic- 
tionary of Authors, Johnson's New Encyclopaedia, the 
Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal, etc. 

Dr. Toner is a member of the Medical Society of 
the District of Columbia, of the Medical Association 
of the District of Columbia, of the American Medical 
Association, since 1864; of the American Public 
Health Association ; of the Philosophical Society of 
Washington, and of the Alumni Association of Jeffer- 
son Medical College ; an honorary member of the 
California State Medical Society, of the New York 
State Medical Society, of the Wisconsin Historical 
Society, and of the Detroit Academy of Medicine ; 
a corresponding member of the Gynaecological Society 
of Boston, of the Virginia Historical Society, of the 



1 8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF 

Albany Institute, of the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of Little Rock ; a visitor to the Government 
Hospital for the Insane, and Patron of the Toner Scien- 
tific Circle of Georgetown College. 

The following is a list of Dr. Toner's chief publica- 
tions, and which may be found in the Catalogue of 
the Surgeon- General's Library : 

" Abortion in a Medical and Moral Aspect." Medical and Surgical 
Reporter, January, 1861. 

"Arrest of Development of the Cranial Bones, followed by Epi- 
lepsy." Medical and Surgical Reporter, April, 1861. 

" Maternal Instinct or Love." i2mo. Baltimore, 1864. 

" Propriety and Necessity of Compulsory Vaccination." Trans- 
actions of the American Medical Association, and in pamphlet form, 
1865. 

" History of Inoculation in Pennsylvania." Transactions of the 
Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and in pamphlet form, 1865. 

"Anniversary Oration before Medical Society, District of Colum- 
bia," 1866. 8vo. pamphlet in 1869. 

" Portability of Cholera and Necessity of Quarantine," 1866. Joint 
Paper with Chas. A. Lee, M. D. In New York Medical Record. 

" History of Inoculation in Massachusetts." Transactions Massa- 
chusetts Medical Society, 1867. 

" Medical Register of the District of Columbia." i2mo. Wash- 
ington, D. C, 1867. 

"Address at the Dedication of Medical Hall, Washington." In the 
Baltimore Medical Bulletin, February 15, 1869. 

"Statistics of Representation in the American Medical Association." 
Journal of the Gynaecological Society of Boston, November and Jan- 
uary numbers, 1870 and 1871. 

" Necrology of the Physicians who served in the Late War." Na- 
tional Medical Journal, Washington, D. C, 1870, 

"Medical Register of the United States, prepared in 187 1," which 
he sold to and was published by S. W. Butler, of Philadelphia, in 1874. 

"A Sketch of the Life of Chas. A. Lee, M. D." New York Medi- 
cal Journal, April, 1872. 

" Statistics of Boards of Health in the United States." Transac- 
tions American Public Health Association, 1873. 



JOSEPH M. TONER, M. IX 1 9 

" Free Parks and Camping Grounds as Sanitariums for the Sick 
Children of the Poor of Cities." North Western Medical and Surgi- 
cal Journal, November, 1872. Rewritten and published in The Sani- 
tarian for May, 1873. Both published in pamphlet form. 

"Facts of Vital Statistics in United States, with Diagrams." Cir- 
cular of the Bureau of Education, March, 1872, and in Pamphle form. 
"Statistical Sketch of the Medical Profession in the United States." 
Indiana Medical Journal, May, 1873. 

'.' Statistics of Medical Associations and Hospitals of the United 

States." Transactions of the American Medical Association, 1873. 

"Address as President before the American Medical Association." 

Transactions American Medical Association, 1874, and in pamphlet 

form. 

" Dictionary of Elevations and Climatic Register of the United 
States." Van Nostrand, New York, 1874. 

"Annals of Medical Progress and Medical Education in the United 
States." Circular of Bureau of Education, 1874. 

" Contributions to the Study of Yellow Fever, Its Distribution in 
the United States, with Maps." Transactions of American Public 
Health Association, and in pamphlet, etc., 1874. 

"Annual Oration before the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of 
Maryland." Transactions Medical and Chirurgical Feculty of Mary- 
land, 1875, and in pamphlet. 

"Address on Public Health Questions," as president of the Ameri- 
can Public Health Association. Transactions of American Public 
Health Association, 1875, anc ^ in pamphlet. 

" Biographical Sketch of John D. Jackson, M. D." Richmond 
and Louisville Journal, and in pamphlet, 1876. 

" Medical Men of the Revolution." An address before the 
Alumni Association of Jefferson Medical College. 8vo., Philadel- 
phia, 1876. 

" Sketch of the Life of Dr. T. M. Logan." Transactions of Cali- 
fornia State Medical Society, 1876. 

" Biography of Dr. John Morgan, of Philadelphia." 1 876. 
"Address on Biography " before the Centennial International Med- 
ical Congress. Transactions International Medical Congress, and 
in pamphlet, 1877. 

" Water Supply of Cities," before the American Health Associa- 
tion. The Sanitarian for June, 1877. 



20 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 

" Notes on the Burning of Theatres, Public Halls, etc." Pam- 
phlet, pp. 22. 1876. 

Address before the Rocky Mountain Medical Association, in pam- 
phlet, 1877. The same, with Memorial Volume of Transactions, con- 
taining biographical sketches of all the members, 1878. 

Sketch of the life of Prof. Lunsford Pitts Yandell, (Nashville Jour- 
nal of Medicine and Surgery, Feb., 1878.) 

Also numerous short articles in medical journals, and the public 
papers, etc., such as " Visit to Mammoth Cave," " Blue Grass 
Regions of Kentucky," " St. Lawrence River," etc. etc. In course 
of preparation, " Biographical Dictionary of Deceased American 
Physicians." 




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